InfluxDB-安装部署

前言

• 转载自

https://wsgzao.github.io/post/influxdb/

InfluxDB 是专为时序数据设计的数据库，能支撑大量的读写负载，是一个高性能的时序数据 datastore。

InfluxDB is the Time Series Database in the TICK Stack

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扩展阅读

InfluxDB - https://www.influxdata.com/time-series-platform/influxdb/

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InfluxDB 简介

InfluxDB is the Time Series Database in the TICK Stack

InfluxData’s TICK Stack is built around InfluxDB to handle massive amounts of time-stamped information. This time series database provides support for your metrics analysis needs, from DevOps Monitoring, IoT Sensor data, and Real-Time Analytics. Users can adapt their SQL skills with InfluxQL, so they can get up to speed on this time series database.

默认预留端口:

8086，HTTP API
8088，RPC 端口，用于备份和恢复

NTP 服务:
InfluxDB 使用机器本地时间作为 timestamp，需要机器之间使用 NTP 进行同步；如果没有同步的话，写入的时间序列数据可能会不准确

InfluxDB 安装

InfluxDB 里存储的数据被称为时间序列数据, InfluxDB 存储方式跟传统关系型数据库不同的是：传统关系型数据库通过数据库 + 表 + 字段组织数据，InfluxDB 通过指标、标签、字段组织数据，时间戳是默认的索引列，标签跟字段其实就相当于关系型数据库中的字段，只不过标签会被索引，而字段不会。

Grafana 默认支持的数据源：Graphite，InfluxDB，OpenTSDB，Prometheus，Elasticsearch，CloudWatch
Grafana 支持同时绑定多套数据源，根据自己需求管理即可，这里以 InfluxDB 为例。

https://portal.influxdata.com/downloads

# install influxdb
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/influxdb.repo << 'EOF'
[influxdb]
name = InfluxDB Repository - RHEL \$releasever
baseurl = https://repos.influxdata.com/rhel/\$releasever/\$basearch/stable
enabled = 1
gpgcheck = 1
gpgkey = https://repos.influxdata.com/influxdb.key
EOF

# yum install influxdb
yum install -y influxdb

# start and enable influxdb
sudo systemctl start influxdb
sudo systemctl enable influxdb
sudo systemctl status influxdb

# 通过 influx 命令进入 cli 命令行 
influx
Connected to http://localhost:8086 version 1.4.2
InfluxDB shell version: 1.4.2
>

# 查看用户 
SHOW USERS

# 创建用户 
CREATE USER influx WITH PASSWORD 'influx' WITH ALL PRIVILEGES

# 查看用户 
SHOW USERS

# 创建数据库 
CREATE DATABASE test

# 查看数据库 
SHOW DATABASES

# Using 数据库 
USE test

# 插入数据 
INSERT cpu,host=192.168.1.1 load=0.1,usage=0.2

# 查询所有数据 
SELECT * FROM "cpu"
SELECT "host","load","usage" FROM "cpu"

# 根据条件查询 
SELECT "host","load","usage" FROM "cpu" WHERE "host" = '192.168.1.1'
SELECT "host","load","usage" FROM "cpu" WHERE "usage" > 0.1

# 创建数据库 
CREATE DATABASE "db_name"
# 显示所有数据库 
SHOW DATABASES
# 删除数据库 
DROP DATABASE "db_name"

# 使用数据库 
USE mydb
# 显示该数据库中的表 
SHOW MEASUREMENTS
# 删除表 
DROP MEASUREMENT "t_name"

# 创建数据库 API
curl -i -XPOST http://localhost:8086/query --data-urlencode "q=CREATE DATABASE test"

# 写入数据 API

# 写入单条 
curl -i -XPOST http://localhost:8086/write?db=test --data-binary "cpu,host=192.168.1.3 load=0.1,usage=0.33"
curl -i -XPOST http://localhost:8086/write?db=test --data-binary "cpu,host=192.168.1.3 load=0.1,usage=0.33 6666666666666666666"

# 写入多条 
curl -i -XPOST http://localhost:8086/write?db=test --data-binary "cpu,host=192.168.1.2 load=0.1,usage=0.22 1666666666666666661 
cpu,host=192.168.1.3 load=0.1,usage=0.33 1666666666666666661 
cpu,host=192.168.1.2 load=0.2,usage=0.22 1666666666666666662 
cpu,host=192.168.1.3 load=0.2,usage=0.33 1666666666666666662"

# 查询数据 API
curl -G http://localhost:8086/query?db=test --data-urlencode "q=SELECT * FROM  \"cpu\""

InfluxDB 配置优化

配置文件默认全部注释掉，使用默认的配置项，可以根据需要配置。每个配置项有对应的、相同功能的环境变量。

配置文件：/etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf

查看配置：influxd config

[meta]                                # 元数据 
dir = /var/lib/influxdb/meta  

[data]                                # 数据 / WAL
dir = /var/lib/influxdb/data  
wal-dir = /var/lib/influxdb/wal  
cache-max-memory-size = "1g"          # Cache 最大可用内存 

[coordinator]                         # 查询相关 
query-timeout = "0s"                  # 查询最大执行时间  
log-queries-after = "0s"              # 打印慢查询 

[http]           # HTTP 服务 
auth-enabled = false                  # 启用安全认证  
max-connection-limit = 0              # 最大连接数 

更多帮助信息请参考官网
InfluxDB documentation - https://docs.influxdata.com/platform/introduction